ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Dalam
berbahasa biasanya terdapat kalimat aktif dan juga pasif, hal itu juga berlaku
pada bahasa Inggris. Maka dari itu kita juga harus mempelajari active and
passive voice.
ACTIVE AND
PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat aktif (active
voice) adalah
kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif
(passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan
oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita
temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah
dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active
voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh
:
Active
: We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every
6 months.
Dari contoh ini dapat
kita lihat bahwa:
1.
Object dari active voice (the soil)
menjadi subject dari passive voice.
2.
Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi
object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject
pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3.
Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice
menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4.
Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3.
Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang
digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5.
Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang
verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak
diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6.
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive
(present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect
continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan
“being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan
contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin
di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by +
Object + modifier.
Pola active dan passive
voice pada tiap tensis:
1.
Jika active voice dalam simple
present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
a. Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive :
They are met by him everyday.
b. Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive :
This plant is watered by her every two days.
2.
Jika active voice dalam simple past
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were. Contoh:
a. Active : He met them yesterday.
Passive :
They were met by him yesterday.
b. Active : She watered this plant this morning.
Passive :
This plant was watered by her this morning.
3.
Jika active voice dalam present
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has
been’ atau ‘have been. Contoh:
a. Active : He has met them.
Passive :
They have been met by him.
b. Active : She has watered this plant for 5
minutes..
Passive :
This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes..
4.
Jika active voice dalam past
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been. Contoh:
a. Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive :
They had been met by him before I came.
b. Active : She had watered this plant for 5
minutes when I got here.
Passive :
This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here.
5.
Jika active voice dalam simple
future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be. Contoh:
a. Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive :
They will be met by him tomorrow.
b. Active : She will water this plant this
afternoon.
Passive :
This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
6.
Jika active voice dalam future perfect
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’. Contoh:
a. Active : He will have met them before I get
there tomorrow.
Passive :
They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
b. Active : She will have watered this plant before
I get here this afternoon.
Passive :
This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this
afternoon.
7.
Jika active voice dalam past future
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’. Contoh:
a. Active : He would have met them.
Passive :
They would have been met by him.
b. Active : She would have watered this plant.
Passive :
This plant would have been watered by her.
8.
Jika active voice dalam present
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
a. Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive :
They are being met by him now.
b. Active : She is watering this plant now.
Passive :
This plant is being watered by her now.
9.
Jika active voice dalam past
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) +
being. Contoh:
a. Active : He was meeting them.
Passive :
They were being met by him.
b. Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant was being watered by her.
1.
Jika active voice dalam perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being. Contoh:
a. Active : He has been meeting them.
Passive :
They have been being met by him.
b. Active : She has been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant has been being watered by her.
1.
Jika active voice dalam past
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been +
being. Contoh:
a. Active : He had been meeting them.
Passive :
They had been being met by him.
b. Active : She had been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant had been being watered by her.
1.
Jika active voice dalam future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being. Contoh:
a. Active : He will be meeting them.
Passive :
They will be being met by him.
b. Active : She will be watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant will be being watered by her.
1.
Jika active voice dalam past future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being. Contoh:
a. Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive :
They would be being met by him.
b. Active : She would be watering this plant.
c. Passive : This plant would be being watered
by her.
1.
Jika active voice dalam future
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have
been + being. Contoh:
a. Active : He will have been meeting them.
Passive :
They will have been being met by him.
b. Active : She will have been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant will have been being watered by her.
1.
Jika active voice dalam past future
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have
been + being. Contoh:
a. Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive :
They would be being met by him.
b. Active : She would be watering this plant.
c. Passive : This plant would be being watered
by her.
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